Karl Jaspers | Where is the Federal Republic headed?

"Every four years it elects the Bundestag. The lists or persons submitted to it by the parties are already elected beforehand by the parties. The process of this hidden preliminary election, which is the actual election, is convoluted; the names for the constituency lists and the state lists are not drawn up in the same way. But it is always the party committees, never the people, who would be involved in this decisive beginning. One must be a party member in order to participate somewhere in this election and to be able to be set up. Even those who are party members, as such, have little effect in the nominations. The decisive factor is the party hierarchy and bureaucracy.[...] Even the elections are not really elections, but acclamations to the party oligarchy. [....] The parties, which should by no means be the state, make themselves, withdrawn from the life of the people, the state [....] The governance of the state is in the hands of the party oligarchy [....] Their position, not limited by any tension to other power, seduces [....] the parties to want to occupy the seats by their own people. This is the reward for party work, the spoils of victory after the electoral battle [....]"

Karl Jaspers

Karl Jaspers | To be scientific, that is to know what one knows and what one does not know

"To be scientific, that is to know what one knows and what one does not know; unscientific is dogmatic knowledge. To be scientific is to know with reasons; to accept ready-made opinions is unscientific. Scientific is the knowledge with the consciousness of the respectively determined limits of the knowledge; unscientific is all total knowledge, as if one knew in the whole. Scientific is boundless criticism and self-criticism, the advancing questioning; unscientific is the concern that doubt could paralyze. Scientific is the methodical course, which step by step on the ground of experience penetrates to the decision; unscientific is the play of multiple opinions and possibilities and the murmuring."

Karl Jaspers