Edward L. Bernays warns: Universal literacy often creates no free thoughts but spreads thoughtless conformity through propaganda.
“Universal literacy was supposed to educate the common man to control his environment. Once he could read and write he would have a mind fit to rule. So ran the democratic doctrine. But instead of a mind, universal literacy has given him rubber stamps, rubber stamps inked with advertising slogans, with editorials, with published scientific data, with the trivialities of the tabloids and the platitudes of history, but quite innocent of original thought. Each man's rubber stamps are the duplicates of millions of others, so that when those millions are exposed to the same stimuli, all receive identical imprints. It may seem an exaggeration to say that the American public gets most of its ideas in this wholesale fashion. The mechanism by which ideas are disseminated on a large scale is propaganda, in the broad sense of an organized effort to spread a particular belief or doctrine.”
Edward Bernays
Edward L. Bernays was an American pioneer in public relations and mass communication. He is regarded as one of the founders of the modern PR industry.
Bernays powerfully reveals how education often produces standardized opinions instead of free thought — a warning against thoughtless conformity and the power of propaganda.
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Literature on mass media
Edward Louis Bernays (1891–1995) was an Austrian-American public relations consultant and author. He is considered the father of public relations and developed techniques for manipulating public opinion. Bernays combined psychology with advertising and greatly influenced modern marketing and communication practices.
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